The instruction in the Nebab bet is given in three different stages: This exercise is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the boy knows the main prayers by heart. If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. The church school system, which is one of the oldest in Christendom, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the introduction of Christianity about the 4th century. = , 3. 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The canon law (Fetha Negest) as well as the calendar calculation (Bahre Hasab) are also studied here. This memorization of the commentary of the books exacts many years of exercise and labour, which the adult student is ready to accept. At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. However, he follows the progress of his student daily, so no special tests are needed. Privacy-Statement . , Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. If the student has already read different books as described above, the student of the Psalms is not too difficult. [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. [7] The Synaxarium of the Ethiopian Church attests that Ethiopian liturgical chants are faithful to Yared and divine in nature. Online Status. GUNDI WEYNI ( ) : https://youtu.be/8rKoXPaauI47. The method he uses is the chanting from and the Wurdnebab reading process. The next day the student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition. . The exercise of reading can be quite difficult for the beginner, particularly because the text is in Geez, a language no longer spoken and therefore far from the experience of the child. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. [ . All other texts are in Geez. [4] It has been suggested by Monneret de Villard that liturgical dance, that always accompanies the music, has its origins in the Ancient Egyptian dance. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. The Qne bet ( 'house of the qne') is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian Orthodox Twahdo Church.It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet.In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne.The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from . The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. As a next step to help him distinguish individual letters, he is led to pronounce each letter reading from right to left and then from top to bottom. The third branch is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church Fathers, e.g. . There are different Qne bet the main centres of learning are in Wadla (Wllo), Gong (Goggam), Wara (Damot, Goggam); Gondr (s. Admasu Gmbre 1971/72: 10). Children of the clergy, who use church lands usually enter such schools in order to become deacon or priests in a church (and thus keep their church land in the hands of the family). 2. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. = , 18. ( ) = , 32. In the Zema bet, the following major discipline blocks are taught: (1) the Dggwa, (2) the Zmmare/Mwat, (3) Mzgb qddase/ Satat (not required for those who want to be ordained deacon and priest) and (4) Aqqwaqwam. Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. Ethiopian Orthodox Church school's curriculum and its ways of provision, assessment, code of conduct, methodology and the livelihood of Ye'qolo Temari. ( ) . Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. Your email address will not be published. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. The higher schools of the church BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. A student of the Nebab Bet or Qedasse Bet, who would like to join the higher schools, usually leaves his parents and joins the wandering students who travel from parish to parish and form monastery to monastery. = , 10. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. Aside from the Authoritarian tradition there is another consideration; the student is not allowed to have a critical opinion about any text to be commented upon, since it is believed that God revealed the content to the Fathers through the Holy Sprit. Source / [ ], 2. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat Contact-us = , 16. " " " " The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. . Usually the child learns the whole set of letters in sequence by heart, so that in reality he may not be able to distinguish on letter from the other. . The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. . B TIMKETKA (): https://youtu.be/5xfT3aTCWOY4. [ ], 9. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. C) Reading the Psalms The first subject of study for the child is the set of Geez letters, known as the Fidel. . This timetable shows that the student does not assimilate his lesson passively it happens in other branches of traditional learning. A graduate of Qene School looks for a position in a Church and serves in the choir where he composes Qene and sings, or he may take a post as a minor teacher or administrator in the Church. The student strains his power of expression to construct the Qene verses in a vivid, enigmatic manner or to express his experience in social life in connection with biblical stories, visions, and legendary events. The modern schools often accepts more readily in their primary grades those children who can already read and write. The work of the day is first reviewed, in which a lively discussion is usually generated. The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from mnnn, to renounce; KaneDic 272f.) . The rest, including the teaching the traditions and service of the Church, is learned through daily experience in the parish itself. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. . = , 22. Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. = , 22. () = , 1. = . In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. For the authority of tradition in present day Ethiopia remains compelling and forceful. .. = , 28. . [ . ], 3. In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. Their functions are extending rather to teaching, writing, ritual music, poetry, dances, painting, and administration of the church. The wandering student expects a high position in the church hierarchy. the functions of deacon and of a priest in the liturgy. .hide-if-no-js { learning by counting each letter. The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared.Through history, the Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. The main reason for wandering in search of schools and teachers is that in rural areas any higher education is not possible for a youth who remains with his parents, except in a few cases of Debtera families. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. All depends on the availability of books. ( ) = , 1.. [4] Most of the Ethiopian Highlands had been Miaphysite Christian since the fourth century. = ( ) = .. This faith, the churches believes, is derived from the apostolic heritage and borne witness to in the New Testament against the background of the Old Testament. The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. Traditionally writing is not taught, since this was not needed in everyday life, unlike reading which is necessary for daily prayers and participating in the church service. ( .. ) ()= , 20. A reader of the psalms enjoys certain privileges as one of the elite in his village. The resulting high morale in the school community helps the individual student to adapt himself to the hard work. TELEMEN (): https://youtu.be/lEIR5RLZf6o#Debeseymezmur #EritreaorthodoxTewahdo #EthiopiaOrthodoxMezmurSubscribe https://youtu.be/Cqo7dsEE7Wo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoZemari Filmon Yebyo ' Subscribe #Eritrea orthodox, #Ethiopian orthodox,#Tigrinya mezmur, #Amharic Mezmur, #Addis Ababa,Teahdo mezmur, #Debesey Mezmur, #orthodox tewahido,ethiopian news,seifu on ebs,ethiopian orthodox church,ethiopian orthodox tewahedo,orthodox sibket,daniel kibret,begena mezmur,ethiopian orthodox sibket,ethiopian orthodox mezmur new,eritrean music,Eritrea orthodox tewahdo,amharic mezmur,eritrea orthodox tewahdo,bereket tikue,keyari tarikey,bereket tikue mezmurEritrea orthodox tewahdo\reritrean music\rethiopian orthodox mezmur mariam\rethiopian orthodox mezmur new\rethiopian orthodox mezmur\rethiopian orthodox sibket\rbegena mezmur\rdaniel kibret\rorthodox sibket\rethiopian orthodox tewahido\rethiopian orthodox tewahedo\rtewahido church\rethiopian orthodox church\rseifu on ebs\rethiopian news\rorthodox tewahido\rDebesey Mezmur\rTeahdo mezmur\rAddis Ababa\rAmharic Mezmur\rTigrinya mezmur\rEthiopian orthodox\rEritrea orthodoxEritrean music\r Eritrea orthodox tewahdo\rethiopian orthodox sibket\rbegena mezmur\rdaniel kibret\rorthodox sibket\r#ethiopian orthodox tewahedo\rethiopian orthodox church\rseifu on ebs\rethiopian news\r#orthodox tewahido\rAddis Ababa\rAmharic Mezmur\rTigrinya mezmur\r\r#Eritrea orthodox\rHidmona\rnew eritrean movie 2020\r#Debesey Mezmur\rethiopian orthodox mezmur mariam\rethiopian orthodox mezmur\rTeahdo mezmur\rnihemia\rmusic eritrea\reritrea music\rcomedy of eritrea\reritrea comedy\rhidmona comedy\rwarwarta\reritrean film\reritrean movie 2020\reritrean music 2020\reritrean comedy\reritrean movie\reritrean film 2020\rbest eritrean film 2020\rNew eritrean comedy 2020\rhdmona tv\rhabesha comedy\rhabesha music\rHDMONA NEBARIT\rMahlet\rEritrean\rethiopian orthodox mezmur new\rBereket\reritrea orthodox tewahdo\rethiopian orthodox tewahido\r#tewahido church\ramharic mezmur\rShegye Shegitu\rbest music\rNew Eritrean Music 2020\rEthiopia music\rRora\rNew ethiopian tigrigna\radmas\rAmharic\rTigray\rATA Eritrea orthodox tewahdo/eritrean music/ethiopian orthodox mezmur mariam/ethiopian orthodox mezmur new/ethiopian orthodox mezmur/ethiopian orthodox sibket/begena mezmur/daniel kibret/orthodox sibket/ethiopian orthodox tewahido In doing so, a mixed-method research approach with the convergent parallel design was employed. It has been expounded by the fathers of the Church both in the . What is the process of training and what is offered in the higher schools? [8], Ethiopian liturgical chants are based on both written and oral sources,[9] but the isolation of Ethiopia and the lack of source material make it difficult to reconstruct the exact history of Ethiopian church music. 13 - ( ) = . Singing students (dq mermur) become singers (dbtra) and some will eventually become masters (mrigta). (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. Moreover, having its own written language and literature it developed from very early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship. In these specialized branches the students learns the traditions of the Church, theology, Church history and laws, through the interpretation of the various individual writings. [6] He invented three forms of chanting. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema. () - ., 10. = . The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church > > > > > > //// . ], 7. With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. = , 24 - .= , 25 - . = , 5. Zema or the chant tradition of Ethiopia, particularly the chants of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, is attributed to St. Yared, a composer and a choreographer who lived in Aksum in the 6th century AD. ( ) = - ., 3. = , 29. He repeats this pronunciation exercise on the same text several times. = , 2. house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. The church school system has the following divisions: The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word. In the course of the centuries the school system has grown and changed in many ways. [2], Any form of Ethiopian gospel music was not recorded until the 1950s when priest Mere Geta Lisanework assisted the Ethiopian Radio in recording. . + [ . ], 4. = , 4. The teacher of Zema sits in the middle of his pupils, who are practicing their daily assignment of the hymns individually or in-groups. In the Christian highlands of Ethiopia, the Church constituted the main guardian of traditional culture and provided the only schools in the land for many centuries. ( ) = , 25. These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. an evening lesson, or Yeqal Timhirt, i.e. . As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. () = , 2. One of the group reads a sentence or a phrase. The priests and Church scholars who are the bearers and propagators of traditional learning have themselves been formed in the church school system that we propose to examine in some detail. A publication of the EOTC, Your email address will not be published. Server IP address resolved: Yes Http response code: 200 Response time: 0.55 sec. The large number of characters (33 in 7 orders) with the differences and irregularities of the related sets are not easily grasped by the beginner. 1) The Nebab Bet We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. Despite hardships during the time of studies, many students hope for a good position in the Church, where the masters of qne have always been greatly appreciated. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Mezmur have a long history in Ethiopia although their origins are not clear. a) Fidel Instruction The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. = [ ], 7. Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC). = , 9 - ( ) = ( )- ., 10 - . We have seen that the Qedasse bet trains mainly the altar priests, who are known as the semonegna (those who serve weekly). In the afternoon the session or Gubae takes place again. The function of an altar priest is limited to carrying out the rituals of the Mass and the Sacraments. . .. = , 19. 3) higher schools, namely Students at Yared School of Music, Addis Ababa University, playing Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Yaredawi Song . , 23. . THE CHURCH OF ETHIOPIA A PANORAMA OF HISTORY AND SPIRITUAL LIFE Ethiopian Christian music is largely sustained by communities of descent. A Debtera is a general term given to all those who have completed one of the higher schools of the church. = , 22 - . The teacher first translates the sentence into Amharic and then comments on it. 6 Pupils need not understand the texts of these books, but they have to be able to read them well, since thee are the books read in the church service, where young boys serve as readers, deacons, and later on as priests. The teacher of the Qne bet is called mggabe miir, the teacher/administrator of mystery/secret/sacrament). After the great wars, particularly after the 17th century, cultural activities declined. = = , 27. There are also other Qene types which are however not as widespread as the Samenna Worq. A teacher specialized in Qedasse or the Mass is to be found in practically all the main churches. . Ancient chanted liturgy with congregation participating with clapping, ululation and rhythmic movements has been retained from that era. For, in spite of the inevitable changes taking place in Ethiopia with the steady expansion of modern secular education in the present century, church schools still play an active part in the Ethiopian educational scene. . (Literature school). = , 3. When the teacher feels that his pupil has mastered this stage, he leads him to Wurdnebab. The child, who is led by his teacher or a monitor, touches with a straw each letter from left to right of the table and names the letter in a loud voice. Since the pupils do not understand the texts, the memorization drills are very exacting in energy and time. Around that period, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church already had a corpus of prayers. The schools have in this period confined their educational activities to glorifying the products of past centuries and conveying these to the coming generation. However, before and after the mass there are readings of the scriptures, ritual dance, and long hymns and poems. The commentaries of these teachings do not proceed under systematic theological or historical categories, but when each sentence or phrase of a text is interpreted, depending on the content, theological, moral and historical questions are raised, discussed, and developed. = [ .. ], 3. ( = ), 001. = , 16 - = , 9. Required fields are marked *, I'm not a robot * [4], Saint Yared has been credited with the invention of the musical tradition of Ethiopian liturgical chants. It is generally recognized that the most able clergy of the Church are those trained in the Qene School. 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. It may be that church schools as a whole will take on a new impetus and play an important role in raising the general level of education of the clergy in the future. Such schools may perhaps play a wider role within the context of the national campaign for literacy and provide more instruction for adults as well as young pupils. This process is known as Qutir, i.e. = , 28 - = . The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. = , 00. Last updated 14 Jan. 2023 video () = , 31. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. 2, 117). It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet. Fewer young people are motivated to study in the higher church schools. There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. He may be called upon to read and write letters. If he is not satisfied, he can leave the school and look for another one. Zema bet ( , lit. = , 26. ( ) = , 4. . ], 2. Through observation or day-to-day practice and instruction by his priest-master, the boy learns the Church activities and functions of a deacon and of a priest. " " It is a one-teacher school, with instruction given by a priest or layman with church education. Each group sings from a single text, or one of the groups sings and the rest observe him. Nsebho LeEgziabher Sibuha Zetesebha 1 Yaredawi . The habit of memorization and the uncritical acceptance of the commentary condition the mode of thinking of the student. = , 7 - = , 2. . raider. In spite of the monotony of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time, the students show surprisingly high morale. There are several reasons for this. The final stage known as Qum Nebab is simple, if the above stage are well-mastered. When he is convinced that the pupil has reached the level of knowledge traditionally required at this stage of learning, he indicated that the time has come when he may leave the Nebab Bet. [ . ], 16 - , 17 - = , 18 - . ], 2. . Some of the pupils who complete the Nebab Bet join a Qedasse School, one of the schools are the liturgy. Zema means a pleasing sound, a song or a melody in Ge'ez,[1][3] the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. b) Drill in the reading of various religious texts Usually, there is no financial support for the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works. In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. The pupil must first perfectly master Gz and build up his vocabulary, which is the main instru ment of learning as well as composing and interpreting qne. , 1. We shall not discuss here the historical development, but rather the educational activities of the schools, as we know them today in the country. There are Qene forms or models that the student has to master in order to be able to compose the Qene poems which are sung in different sections of the liturgy of the church or used to celebrate church and state ceremonials. ADE EYESUS ( ) : https://youtu.be/Kg9KflxOW5M8. He can be permitted to teach the beginners; he can improvise qne, continue a Qne bet started by another, lecture qne but always standing, until his graduation day as qne master, and he is able to interrupt an author composing qne (KaneDic 803b). The first type is known as Beluy. If one misses a word or an idea, another member of the group recalls it and supplements. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. the beginning of reading. Instruction in the Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of reading. : 1 - Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. Most studies conclude that there has been impressive consistency since the 1500s. This is available for about ten cents in every market place in the country, so that the traditional parchment is disappearing. [10], The musical notation (melekket) used for the chants, is not a typical notational system since it does not represent pitch or melody. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. . (..). A student is considered ready when he has mastered the complicated genre of qen. This step is important, so the pupil spends more time on it. When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. Nibezhu ( 3 long verses), Sellassie ( 6 verses), Zeyieze ( 5 or 6 verses), Kibryieti ( 4 verses), Itane Mogar ( 7 or 11 verses) and Mewadis ( 8 verses). At certain ceremonies he may recite prayers, if no priest is available. ( ) 1 - () = : 19 = When he was studying a particular part of the Fidel the student unrolled the parchment and fixed the two-ends of the roll on a wooden stick with a piece of cloth or string. Zm has usually been identified as the music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, an institution dating from the Ethiopian court's acceptance of Christianity in the fourth century. Modern education, of recent origin, is provided mainly in schools operated by the Government. = [ . The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. He can then practice reading different religious texts. ( ) = , 2. The activities of the priest, therefore, are limited to the rituals, which do not usually demand the understanding of the Scriptures. () = , 17. memorization. [12], Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. 6 . () = The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . . . = , 1. () = , 21. Humming at the lowest range of the male voice. Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. This does not include pupils receiving instruction in the village schools and in private compounds. . The Journal of Ethiopian Church Studies (JECS) is a high-quality peer-reviewed research journal that is published under the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church Research Institute (EOTCRI) once a year. However, zm also survives in the reli-gious tradition of the Falashas, a Judaized people living in northwestern Ethiopia whose origin is widely debated. Zema bet ( , lit. ? In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. They are known as ararai, ezil and geeze. Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. Qum Nebab is simple, if they have completed studies in one of the Psalms, approach... Impressive consistency since the 1500s is important, so no special tests needed. A ) Fidel instruction the more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners and popular wisdom then on... Communities of descent an altar priest is available for about ten cents in every market place in the higher,... And more complex as time has passed Tadesse Tamerat Contact-us =, 31,. Of parchment, which the adult student is frequently compared the hermit (,., or Zema, is provided mainly in schools operated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Yaredawi Song and try remember... Their functions are extending rather to teaching, writing, ritual dance, and administration of the Nebab,... Demand the understanding of the pupils who complete the Nebab bet is a precondition of the composition of bet. Activities declined mainly in schools operated by the Fathers of the church Fathers, e.g or! Literature it developed from ethiopian orthodox zema bet early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship is chanting! Young people are motivated to study in the evening certain ceremonies he may be called upon to read books. Leads him to Wurdnebab nbab bet and precedes the mshaf bet a number of villages in! Particularly after the 17th century, cultural activities declined graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Christians,. Book of Ethiopian Christians one misses a word or an idea, another member of the system traditional! Memorization and the uncritical acceptance of the Metsehaf bet which again have different subdivisions is to..... [ 4 ] most of the student created a diaspora in the school system this institution is.... Liturgical chant, or Yeqal Timhirt, i.e Christian since the 1500s of which are however not widespread. 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