MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that damages the myelin sheath surrounding and protecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Nutr Clin Pract 2013;28:194-208. LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Ratliff KA, Cook NR, Khurana B, Kim E, et al. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 10th ed. [, Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. One study found that when the 25(OH)D content of beef, pork, chicken, turkey, and eggs is taken into account, the total amount of vitamin D in the food is 2 to 18 times higher than the amount in the parent vitamin alone, depending on the food [20]. If you Google cforyourself vitamin d toxicity, it has answered all of my questions that all the doctor's couldn't. The blog writer is a scientist and it's very interesting to read. In addition, inadequate vitamin D levels can adversely affect muscle strength and lead to muscle weakness and pain (myopathy) [1]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:3838-45. August 12, 2022
The trials administered different amounts of vitamin D (ranging from 10 mcg [400 IU]/day to 1,000 mcg [40,000 IU]/week). [, Yao S, Kwan ML, Ergas IJ, Roh JM, Cheng T-YD, Hong C-C, et al. Mayo Clin Proc 2013;88:720-55. However, more than 20 mcg (800 IU)/day vitamin D3, when taken with calcium supplements, significantly increased blood pressure in participants with overweight and obesity. Because endogenous vitamin D is derived from cholesterol, statins may also reduce vitamin D synthesis [167]. Screening for vitamin D deficiency: Systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. Vitamin D is also needed for the normal development and growth of muscle fibers. A study of cohorts that included 5,313 participants who developed lung cancer and 5,313 matched controls found no association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of subsequent lung cancer, even when the investigators analyzed the data by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and smoking status [104]. One study, for example, tested 25(OH)D levels in 1,092 women in Finland an average of 9 years before their MS diagnosis and compared their outcomes with those of 2,123 similar women who did not develop MS [139]. In the most recent meta-analysis, 10 randomized clinical trials (including the VITAL trial described below) that included 6,537 cancer cases provided 10 to 50 mcg (400 to 2,000 IU) vitamin D3 daily (six trials) or 500 mcg (20,000 IU)/week to 12,500 mcg (500,000 IU)/year boluses of vitamin D3 (four trials) [91]. [, Mheid IA, Quyyumi AA. Observational studies support an association between higher serum 25(OH)D levels and a lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality. Signs and symptoms of osteomalacia are similar to those of rickets and include bone deformities and pain, hypocalcemic seizures, tetanic spasms, and dental abnormalities [45]. Drug-vitamin D interactions: A systematic review of the literature. Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 19.98. Vitamin C Products Cforyourself now sells Nutribiotic vitamin C products. That said, vitamin D is impressively toxic. Breast cancer
Assessing the vitamin D status of the US population. BMC Proceedings, 2018;12(Suppl 6):6. N Engl J Med 2019;381:1785-6. Dietary supplements
Animal-based foods typically provide some vitamin D in the form of 25(OH)D in addition to vitamin D3. The Women's Health Initiative clinical trial randomized 36,282 postmenopausal women to receive 400 IU vitamin D3 plus 1,000 mg calcium daily or a placebo for a mean of 7 years [98]. One study comparing 738 men who developed pancreatic cancer to 738 matched controls found no relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of pancreatic cancer [105]. Some observational studies show associations between low serum levels of 25(OH)D and increased risks of cancer incidence and death. [, Sintzel MB, Rametta M, Reder AT. Some people with MS eventually lose the ability to write, speak, or walk. UV radiation is a carcinogen, and UV exposure is the most preventable cause of skin cancer. More than 53 million adults in the United States have or are at risk of developing osteoporosis, which is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue that increases bone fragility and the risk of bone fractures [72]. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risk of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers: The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. The data on supplemental vitamin D and cholesterol levels are mixed, as shown in one meta-analysis of 41 clinical trials in a total of 3,434 participants (mean age 55 years). Effect of long-term vitamin D3 supplementation vs placebo on risk of depression or clinically relevant depressive symptoms and on change in mood scores: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrients 2020; 12, 2237; doi:10.3390/nu12082237. In the VITAL trial described above, 16,657 men and women 50 years of age and older with no history of depression and 1,696 with an increased risk of recurrent depression (that had not been medically treated for the past 2 years) were randomized to take 50 mcg (2,000 IU)/day vitamin D3 (with or without fish oil) or a placebo for a median of 5.3 years [135]. [, Zhang R, Li B, Gao X, Tian R, Pan Y, Jiang Y, et al. Breastfed infants
There are two forms of vitamin D in the diet and supplements: Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol):found in some. [, Robien K, Oppeneer SJ, Kelly JA, Hamilton-Reeves JM. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019;111:158-69. Including food 25-hydroxyvitamin D in intake estimates may reduce the discrepancy between dietary and serum measures of vitamin D status. Clin Gastroeterol Hepatol 2020; published online ahead of print. Food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption; vitamin D2 mushroom powder. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that's involved in many essential body functions. Few foods naturally contain vitamin D. The flesh of fatty fish (such as trout, salmon, tuna, and mackerel) and fish liver oils are among the best sources [17,1]. In a cohort of 4,733 men, of which 1,731 had prostate cancer, those with 25(OH)D levels of 4570 nmol/L (1828 ng/mL) had a significantly lower risk of the disease than men with either lower or higher values [109]. AHRQ Publication No. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1357-64. Vitamin D did not significantly prevent the development of diabetes in comparison with placebo. Lancet 2014;383:1665-76. Metabolism 2016;65:586-97. In serum, 25(OH)D has a fairly long circulating half-life of 15 days [1]. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:481-90. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019;28:900-8. Your skin can produce large quantities of vitamin D on its own when exposed to the sun's UV-B rays. Public Health Nutrition 2020;23:1153-64. SHARE. The link between obesity and low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations: considerations and implications. [, Wagner CL, Greer FR, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Cardiovascular disease
[, Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, Wallace RB, Robbins J, Lewis CE, et al. An investigation that pooled data from 10 studies of cancer in 12,205 men and women found that concentrations of 25(OH)D greater than 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL) but less than 100 nmol/L (40 ng/mL) did not reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. PLOS ONE 2014;9:e111265. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2017;46:947-82. [, Cashman KD, Seamans KM, Lucey AJ, Stocklin E, Weber P, Kiely M, Hill TR. [, Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, Howard NS, Ascherio A. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. As a result, a finding can be falsely low or falsely high, depending on the assay used and the laboratory. Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of depression and poor physical function in older persons: The D-Vitaal study, a randomized clinical trial. Moreover, the effects did not vary by baseline serum 25(OH)D levels or whether participants took the trials omega-3 supplement in addition to vitamin D. However, another clinical trial designed to investigate bone fracture risk found that 800 IU/day vitamin D3 (with or without calcium) or a placebo in 5,292 adults aged 70 years and older for a median of 6.2 years offered protection from cardiac failure, but not myocardial infarction or stroke [125]. However, frequent use of tanning beds, which provide artificial UV radiation, can lead to 25(OH)D levels well above 375500 nmol/L (150200 ng/mL) [158-160]. Email. [, McDuffie JR, Calis KA, Booth SL, Uwaifo GI, Yanovski JA. A case-control analysis of 1,695 cases of prostate cancer and 1,682 controls found no associations between 25(OH)D levels and prostate cancer risk [110]. Guidelines on vitamin D replacement in bariatric surgery? Hazards of treating osteoporosis and hypertension concurrently with calcium, vitamin D, and distal diuretics. Jin, J. Vitamin D and calcium supplements for preventing fractures. Paediatr Int Child Health 2017;37:84-98. The 'sunshine vitamin': benefits beyond bone? - Vitamin D is made in the body when your skin absorbs ultraviolet light, but most people don't get enough sunlight to reach adequate levels [. However, normal-weight participants had greater reductions in cancer incidence and mortality rates than those with overweight or obesity. Identification and systematic appraisal. [, Lukert BP, Raisz LG. It is also found in some animal foods and supplements. In the NHANES 20012006 survey, 25(OH)D deficiency (less than 25 nmol/L [10 ng/mL]) was more than twice as common among children and adults who reported oral steroid use (11%) than in nonusers (5%) [174]. Overall, clinical trials did not find that vitamin D supplements helped prevent or treat depressive symptoms or mild depression, especially in middle-aged to older adults who were not taking prescription antidepressants. Older adults are at increased risk of developing vitamin D insufficiency, partly because the skin's ability to synthesize vitamin D declines with age [1,61]. Despite increasing serum 25(OH)D levels to an average of more than 80 nmol/L (32 ng/ml), vitamin D supplementation did not affect lower-extremity power, strength, or lean mass. Vitamin D 20 000 IU per week for five years does not prevent progression from prediabetes to diabetes. Obes Rev 2014;15:528-37. The association was substantially stronger in women. The Endocrine Society, the National and International Osteoporosis Foundation, and the American Geriatric Society define vitamin D deficiency as the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin (25 OH D) of less than 30 ng/mL. Nutrients 2018 Apr 16;10(4). The results of this analysis showed that 0.5 mcg (20 IU) to 214 mcg (8,570 IU)/day vitamin D supplementation (mean of 2,795 IU) for 6 weeks to 3 years reduced serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels [126]. [, Li X, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Wang P, Zhang Y. But despite the importance of the sun for vitamin D synthesis, limiting skin exposure to sunlight and UV radiation from tanning beds is prudent [28]. [, Anglin RES, Samaan Z, Walter SD, McDonald SD. Environ Health Perspect 2017;125(7):077004. Nutrition 2015;31:421-9. Neurol Ther 2018;7:59-85. Salmon. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2008;24:176-83. Some expert bodies and vitamin D researchers suggest, for example, that approximately 530 minutes of sun exposure, particularly between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., either daily or at least twice a week to the face, arms, hands, and legs without sunscreen usually leads to sufficient vitamin D synthesis [13,15,28]. [, Rooney MR, Harnack L, Michos ED, Ogilvie RP, Sempos CT, Lutsey PL. Vitamin D3 is produced by sunlight on the skin. Best liquid: Designs for Health Liposomal D Supreme. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984;32:405-7. [, Chakhtoura M, Rahme M, Fuleihan E-H. Vitamin D metabolism in bariatric surgery. Here are my top 8 foods rich in vitamin D to start adding into your regimen: 1. Cforyourself is dedicated to the dissemination of information about vitamin C . Several studies have examined whether levels of 25(OH)D in men with prostate cancer are associated with a lower risk of death from the disease or from any cause. Vitamin D supplementation has no effect on insulin sensitivity or secretion in vitamin D-deficient, overweight or obese adults: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Federal Register 2020;85:41916-20. Clinical trials, however, do not support these findings. OVERVIEW; PRIMER; IN THE NEWS Journal of Nutrition Science 2018;7:1-7. Vitamin D in foods: An evolution of knowledge. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007469.pub2. [, Shahvazi S, Soltani S, Ahmadi SM, de Souza RJ, Salehi-Abargouei A. Those of African American ancestry, for example, have lower rates of bone fracture and osteoporosis than do Whites (see the section below on bone health and osteoporosis). [, Chalcraft JR, Cardinal LM, Wechsler PJ, Hollis BW, Gerow KG, Alexander BM, et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014;140:1465-77. [, Shea MK, Fielding RA, Dawson-Hughes B. The fifty bottles of 1000 IU vitamin D pills mentioned above would weigh in the ballpark of 2500 g. A typical vitamin D tablet weighs 150 mg and is >99.9% filling. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:558S-64S. Having low levels of vitamin D is a common problem that can lead to bone disorders and other medical problems. Vitamin D helps you absorb calcium and phosphate from food. Nutrients 2018, 10, 59; doi:10.3390/nu10010059. In addition, older adults are likely to spend more time than younger people indoors, and they might have inadequate dietary intakes of the vitamin [1]. I produce this site out of my passionate desire to inform as many people as possible about the nature of our body's need for the proper nutrients in adequate amounts. 2. Because vitamin D is fat soluble, its absorption depends on the guts ability to absorb dietary fat [4]. No substantial between-group differences in fracture incidence were found by race, ethnic group, BMI, age, baseline 25(OH)D levels, or whether participants took supplemental calcium, were at high fracture risk, or had a history of fragility fractures. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 observational studies that included a total of 31,424 adults (mean age ranging from 27.5 to 77 years) found an association between deficient or low levels of 25(OH)D and depression [130]. Conclusions about vitamin D and cancer
Screening for vitamin deficiency in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. [, Guirguis-Blake JM, Michael YL, Perdue LA, Coppola EL, Beil TL. [, Sempos CT, Heijboer AC, Bikle DD, Bollerslev J, Bouillon R, Brannon PM, et al. In contrast to the observational studies, clinical trials have provided little support for the hypothesis that supplemental vitamin D reduces the risk of CVD or CVD mortality. [. A few examples are provided below. [, Tripkovic L, Lambert H, Hart K, Smith CP, Bucca G, Penson S, et al. However, FoodData Central does not include the amounts of 25(OH)D in foods. Some observational studies support an inverse association between 25(OH)D levels and breast cancer risk and mortality, but others do not [94-97]. A reverse J-shaped association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular disease mortality: The CopD study. Interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults. Overall, the available research suggests that consuming higher amounts of vitamin D or taking vitamin D supplements does not promote weight loss. Importantly, not all observational studies found higher vitamin D status to be beneficial, and the studies varied considerably in study populations, baseline comorbidities, and measurement of vitamin D levels. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. In addition, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved UV-treated mushroom powder as a food additive for use as a source of vitamin D2 in food products [18]. [, Pittas A, Dawson-Hughes B, Staten M. The authors reply: Vitamin D supplementation and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Participants in the treatment group whose serum 25(OH)D level was less than 70 nmol/L (28 ng/ml) after 4 months received an additional 800 IU/day vitamin D3. Join the ODS Email List. The amount of increase varies, for example, by baseline serum levels and duration of supplementation. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1563-5. Souhrnn se tak oznauj t jako kalciferoly. about your interest in, questions about, or use of dietary supplements and what may be best for your overall health. [, Gallagher JC. The FNB recommended avoiding serum 25(OH)D levels above approximately 125150 nmol/L (5060 ng/mL), and it found that even lower serum levels (approximately 75120 nmol/L [3048 ng/mL]) are associated with increases in rates of all-cause mortality, risk of cancer at some sites (e.g., pancreas), risk of cardiovascular events, and number of falls and fractures among older adults. Lancet Diabetes-Endocrinol 2014;2:719-29. Thiazide diuretics (e.g., Hygroton, Lozol, and Microzide) decrease urinary calcium excretion. 1000 mg (a standard dosage for a single vitamin C pill) is a lethal dose for the average person. [, Marrie RA, Beck CA. [, Munger K, Hongell K, Aivo J, Soilu-Hanninen M, Surcel H-M, Ascherio A. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency did not increase the risk of prostate cancer, and higher 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with a lower risk. Vitamin D, calcium, and cancer: Approaching daylight? J Nutr 2018;148:712-20. The vitamin D content of human milk is related to the mothers vitamin D status; studies suggest that the breastmilk of mothers who take daily supplements containing at least 50 mcg (2,000 IU) vitamin D3 have higher levels of the nutrient [57,58]. One trial included 65 adult men and women (mean age 32 years) with overweight or obesity who were otherwise healthy, did not have diabetes, and had low serum vitamin D levels (at or below 50 nmol/L [20 ng/mL]) [147]. Several studies published in 2014 suggested that high levels of 25(OH)D might increase the risk of prostate cancer. 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