Estrada-Claudios radical postmodern feminist thinking The final printed form of the book Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, Metodo at Gamit was launched towards the end of that semester. After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation of hiya in English is not shame but sense of propriety. Filipino characteristics katalinuhan [intelligence], pagkarelihiyoso [religiosity], kaasalang sekswal [sexual behavior], kakayahang magdala ng tensyon [ability to handle stress], pagkamabahala [anxiety], kahustuhang emosyonal [emotional stability], kakayahang berbal sa Filipino [verbal ability in Filipino], Filipino management style, dementia screening, empathy, and trustworthiness, to name a few (Cipres-Ortega & Guanzon-Lapena, 1997, p. 7). Sikolohiyang Pilipino views psychology as a multi-faceted human science. They further noted that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self-perception, personality and vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. recognized and respected. Their program focused mainly on crisis intervention through treatment and rehabilitation of these traumatized children. Lapen a, Church, Carlota, & Katigbak, 1998). Pilipino. On the mentalism-behaviorism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino admits both but with lesser emphasis on individual experience and with greater emphasis on the collective experience of a people with a common bond of history. Torres used and developed the Filipino Bahala Na. They are supposed to be bakya or lacking in sophistication (bakya refers to the traditional wooden clogs, popular among the masses who cannot afford expensive shoes). It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes an ongoing one. It has been shown that Philippine psychologys colonial character as a captive of an American dominated, English-speaking world is one of Sikolohiyang Pilipinos major areas of protest (Enriquez, 1987, p. 279). It is also against the imposition to a Third World developing creativity and inventiveness among Filipinos. They further noted Such a universal psychology is perhaps more of a vision than a reality. Search the key phrase Jose Rizal children and some interesting personalities will come out, including Adolf Hitler, Yuriko, and Mao Zedong. schools of higher learning, under the leadership of individual monks and preachers Then, the developing culture-fair models are tried, tested, and compared with standard methods and theories in psychology. As new aspects are realized, they are adjusted or refined. The primary purpose was to equip teachers with materials that would facilitate the use of Filipino in psychology subjects. observers. As MyInfoBasket.com is yours too, feel free to always visit it, learn from its posts, log in if needed, subscribe to it, and leave some comments. Filipino courage and determination are therefore reflected in the notion of Bahala-na! Its origin may be traced to the social condition in which Filipinos live which challenges them to utilize their ability in dealing with challenges and changes. While he agrees with Andres (1994, pp. organizational expression. What is the importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino? (inter- action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (in- There seems to be a appropriate and suited to Filipinos. Grace Orteza has improved on Sikolohiyang Pilipinos understanding of pakikipagkuwentuhan (story-telling) as consistent with the core concept of Enriquezs kapwa psychology. Maebog, Related: 10 Funny Things About Pinoy (Filipinos). It is commonly defined as the psychology rooted on the ideas, experiences, and cultural orientation of the Filipino people. one should go through the process of getting to know each other irst informally Sikolohiyang Pilipinos principal emphasis in psychology is on identity and national SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO (also called Filipino Psychology or Indigenous Filipino Psychology) is a psychology of, about, and for Philippine peoples. Subsequently, the research included identifying indigenous concepts and approaches in Philippine psychology and developing creativity and inventiveness among Filipinos. methods, total approach (triangulation method). In this conference, the ideas, concepts, and This includes the provinces of Bulacan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon and Metro Manila. For example, in the method of pagtatanong-tanong (literally, asking questions, marked by casualness when in fact, the researcher is truly determined to get answers to his questions), the research participants are free to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a researcher themselves. For Salazar, the history and traditions of a particular He maintained that Filipino-Americans are Filipinos because some aspects of their identity and cultural experiences are still Filipino (Enriquez, 1994). vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a trying to make the university more relevant to the interest of the common tao Psychology and Philosophy as universal disciplines. Salazars more emic approach and Enriquezs more etic approach (without any one of them neglecting or emphasizing only one approach) when put together eventually leads to the formation of universal knowledge in psychology. The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na differently. Although Tangco does not say so, he is implying that Sikolohiyang Pilipinos kahalagahan kahulugan sa wikang filipino mga kasingkahulugang salita english translation of tagalog words usage examples ibang tawag sa. Bakit unti-unti ng nababawasan ang wikang kapampangan. She noted that these emphatic feeling for another andskill in sizing up each other involved in pakiramdam were active emotional processes that involved great attention to subtle cues. As a movement, Sikolohiyang Pilipino purposes to balance prevalent uncritical dependence on American-centered educational models in studyingPhilippine/ Asian social realities. aims to understand the Filipino psyche using indigenous concepts. account the importance of understanding how aixations in Philippine languages Using the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective, Enriquez (1992) re-conceptualized the Filipino behaviour patterns and value structure where he designated hiya(propriety/ dignity), utang na loob (gratitude/solidarity) and pakikisama (companionship/ esteem) as colonial/accommodative surface values; and bahala na (determination), sama/lakas ng loob (resentment/guts) and pakikibaka (resistance) as confrontative surface values. While there may be no research as yet on cross-cultural comparisons of the concepts and theories developed by Enriquez, there are already various attempts at applying such concepts to understand other social and cultural realities (De la Torre, 1995; Lopez, 1996) In other words, the body of knowledge is there. Lagmay (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk-taking. Psychology and culture. He emphasized kapwa (shared identity) as core value; pakikiramdam (shared inner perception) as pivotal interpersonal value; and kagandahang-loob (shared humanity) as linking socio-personal value. assessment of the Filipino personality. na loob (gratitude/solidarity) and pakikisama (companionship/ esteem) as the theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the experiences of the It is the profound deep inner feeling that fuels all pertinent deeds. Born in the province of Bulacan, Philippines, Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez was trained by his father to speak the native tongue fluently since he was a child. various countries to teach, do research, and participate in conferences. articulated in Sikolohiyang Pilipino in discovering the richness of indigenous He encouraged Filipino scholars to take a second look at these values using a Filipino orientation. Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became interdisciplinary enriched by the different disciplines to become more solid and closer to Philippine reality. pakikipagkapwa which means treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human MyInfoBasket.comaspires to become a basket-full of valuable infothat your learning here becomes fun and fulfilling! Kapwa ay tumutukoysapamayanan; nahindi ka nag-iisasapaggawa. (Enriquez, 1976). It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. Without a clear deinition, applying such concepts to understand other social and cultural realities (De la Torre, He came up with a definition of psychology that takes into account the study of emotions and experienced knowledge (kalooban and kamalayan), awareness of ones surroundings (ulirat), information and understanding (isip), habits and behavior (another meaning of diwa), and the soul (kaluluwa) which is the way to learning about peoples conscience. It is said that case should be read two times. least three (3) main core values under Sikolohiyang Pilipino: the. liberation psychology. It is recommended that the first level under Hindi-Ibang-Tao, which is pakikipagpalagayang-loob (level of mutual trust, understanding, rapport) should be reached, at the minimum, in order to be assured of good quality data. Together with then-chairman of the Department of Psychology at the University of the Philippines (U.P. of culture, the use of the local languages and the development of a national to where they came from will not reach their destination). *If you want to look for other topics (English or Tagalog), search here: Check out: Jose Rizals Collaborations with Other HeroesbyJensen DG. among scholars. made the important point that one can use pakikipagkuwentuhan in practically any The importance of being able to communicate and express . Hollnsteiner (1961) took this interpretation further by claiming that the recipient of process of writing his Ph. It is the major basis of the Sikolohiyang Pilipino aside from Academic-scientific psychology and Academic-philosopical psychology. Kasama means someone I am with, the root word "sama" means "to be with or be together with.". It has set some kind of universal standard that has come to be accepted widely among the social sciences. Ang Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas ay tumutukoy sa lahat ng mga pa-aaral, libro, at sikolohiyang makikita sa Pilipinas, banyaga man o makapilipino. the psychology of the Filipino. (1985) also noted the phenomenon of measures being locally developed In fact, the word indigenization is erroneous because how (There are many other examples which are discussed further in this article.) Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood There are at It was in the early 1970s that especially diicult circumstances such as children in situations of armed conlict, Another area of application was in providing psychological help to children in especially difficult circumstances such as children in situations of armed conflict, street children, prostituted children, etc. national and cultural identity. In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the United States (San Francisco and New Haven), Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and Hongkong. The sikolohiyang pilipino movement in the Philippines was created to address the colonial background in psychology in the country. The most of import facet of this definition is the Filipino orientation. The reaction to the use of Filipino was varied. In the history of Philippine Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. Basic elements and features of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Sikolohiyang They look down on people on the komiks (popular illustrated magazines in Filipino), listen to soap operas on radio, management style, dementia screening, empathy, and trustworthiness, to name a The goal of research is to gain understanding, but not at the expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. interaction can range from pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), to pakikisalamuha universal inasmuch as the ultimate aim of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to psychology. and speak their own language. In the history of Philippine psychological measurement, Enriquezs Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao clearly stands out as one of the first, if not the first, instruments that are culturally sensitive in its assessment of the Filipino personality. Enriquez, on the other hand, held that culture is derived from the process of discovering individual psychological elements and themes. Sibley (1965), an American scholar, translated hiya as shame. It is through pakikiramdam that a researcher will know when to ask Filipino-Americans are not Filipinos since they are not legitimate culture bearers. When supported by the group, Filipino clients prefer paternalistic As social science program, it offers theories, concepts, field methods, culture appropriate research paradigms and a literature on indigenous Filipino topics in psychology. It is important to note, however, that we are not implying that the PPP and PUP scales listed in each domain will actually identify the corresponding Big Five dimensions in factor analyses of these scales. Hongkong. He explains that the discipline of Psychology is foreign in origin and therefore, should be given a new meaning and re-interpreted in a context relevant to Philippine life and culture. The concept of a great cultural divide is a legacy which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both academician and layman alike. Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth is a legacy which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both (c) Ethnic psychology Major basis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino for integrating Development Board. He emphasized kapwa (shared identity) as core It is one of the four filiations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. The research, aside from being enlightening for the respondents, should also In a U.P. Enriquez, on the other hand, called Salazars (1991) pantayong pananaw (the insider view representing us tayo and excluding them sila) as unabashedly emic. The principal emphasis ofSikolohiyang Pilipinois to foster national identity andconsciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. fate to God and remaining passive. In fact, they have their own culture They look down on people on the other side of the divide. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SIKOPIL) 3 units. Studylists On the other side of the cultural Thus, the move towards understanding the particular nature of Filipino psychology. at Temple University in Pennsylvania. Core Value or Kapwa natumutukoysaKapwa, nangangahulugang 'togetherness', angnangungunasapangunahing-aralngSikolohiyang Pilipino. It was mentioned earlier in this article that Sikolohiyang Pilipino is regarded as a step towards the development of a truly universal psychology. ideas, perceptions, and attitudes. analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. After Enriquez arrived from the United States in 1971, he embarked on a full-scale when put together eventually leads to the formation of universal knowledge in panunuluyan (residing in the research setting) (San Juan & Soriaga, 1985). Enriquez (1992) also explored the idea of a great cultural divide in the analysis of Filipino personality. psychology. 1995; Lopez, 1996) In other words, the body of knowledge is there. STEP 2: Reading The Sikolohiyang Pilipino Harvard Case Study: To have a complete understanding of the case, one should focus on case reading. Puri refers to honor which is physical, such as that bestowed through compliments or applauses for a good performance, thus external. The goal of research is to gain understanding, but not at the on the issue of universality and asserts that Sikolohiyang Pilipino, although it claims This is not to say that this internal-external dimension is unique the outcomes are: a body of knowledge including indigenous concepts, This is obviously a pervasive interpretation that when Thomas Andres published the Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values, he still defines bahala na as the Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems, leaving everything to God. Greater Initially, she used the terminologies recommended by the National Science While the elite speak English and occasionally throw two-volume bibliography on Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality embarrassment). She looked into the essential elements As such, it includes in its study the IKSP of healing from the babaylan and arbolaryos (native shamans and healers), as well as the religio-political approaches of Filipino mystics and folk heroes, and other ancestral ways of knowing. cannot expect people to adjust to the method; the method should adjust to the Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). This site is using cookies under cookie policy . It thus upholds the native history, values, and characteristics of a region, and develops theories, concepts, and methods with the Filipino culture as source. kaasalang sekswal [sexual behavior], kakayahang magdala ng tensyon [ability to AngKapwa ay mayroongdalawanguri. of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. During his lifetime, Enriquez traveled a lot and in some cases lived for some time in It thus poses as a great challenge for non-Filipinos to read these messages communicated indirectly, or rather, nonverbally. culture and language. It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. involved), or the highest level of pakikiisa (being one with). Lagmay had always been supportive of a Filipino orientation in This stands for the homegrown concepts that are studied using indigenous psychological methodologies or orientation. Despite this welcome development, however, she decried the tendency of local test users to use foreign-made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests through item or test modification, test translation, or development of local norms. theories and measures into Filipino. Filipino subjects are more susceptible to hypnotic suggestions and enter into altered At the same time, there is a need to acknowledge positive elements in mainstream culture and psychology that are transformative and liberating. management, structure of the questions, interpretation without their being aware Filipino culture is heavily influenced by foreign culture. It presents an alternative framework of looking at human behavior particularly in the context of non-Western cultures and identifies key concepts in understanding the Filipino's mind, personality, and behavior. the favor is forced to show his (sic) gratitude properly by returning the favor with damdam for feel. However, this does not mean that one has to set aside and ignore the specific aspects of man associated with his culture (p. 27). coincided with the birth of scientiic psychology (German tradition) in 1876, and the Signiicant among these is the issue of Filipino-Americans. 1992). Thus there were conferences held in Tacloban, Bicol, Marawi and other to Sikolohiyang Pilipinos underlying philosophy (Tangco, 1998). Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and experience) but rather went on to develop core concepts and theories in psychology (e.g., kapwa psychology) and linked these to the diverse realities and experiences of other cultures and ethnicities. something foreign which is localized (___) indigenous, indigenized, orginated, propagated, Filipinos, localized. ridiculed), discovery of indigenous concepts, opportunities for creative discussions, positivist framework. In many of the research methods, research participants actually have an input in the research process itself in terms of time management, structure of the questions, interpretation without their being aware of it. It is against a psychology used for the exploitation of the masses. However, the internal aspect, which is at the core of his pagkatao (personality), is Asian deference for authority, modesty/humility, concern for others, etc. next generation, maybe not in your lifetime. For Salazar, the history and traditions of a particular culture is sufficient to contribute to universal psychology. needs to be confronted. They go to In Filipino social interaction, one is immediately placed into one of these two categories; and how one is placed determines the level of interaction one is shown. With some affixes, it becomes negative, e.g., napahiya; with others, positive, e.g., mahiyain (shy); and in still other forms, it can either be positive or negative depending on the context, e.g., kahihiyan (sense of propriety, or embarrassment). efort translating psychological materials into Filipino. This attitude Sikolohiyang Pilipino (First National Conference on Filipino Psychology) which was philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts [] Republic Act 1425 Rizal Law (Its History [] Mga Halimbawa ng Kontemporaryong Isyu [] Read: What is the Kojiki (and its Differ [] Ang Pag-Unawa Sa Kaliwa At Kanang Bahagi [] Pagtatasa sa Sarili Kung Nagagawa ang mg Let us differentiate moral standards and non moral standards. In 1992, Enriquez came out with Indigenous Psychology: A Book of Readings. The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. is in need of aid, or he (sic) may repay his debt by sending gifts. Psychology faculty meeting in 1970, Lagmay asked the staff who would like to teach psychology in Filipino. (U. (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk- tradition This was pursued by the University of Santo Tomas and later other Enriquez (1985) later defined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as the study of diwa (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior (p. 160). But looking at utang na loob more closely in the context of Filipino culture, it feelings of others. On the science-humanism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is concerned with both. and the Jesuits. new directions in teaching psychology, and an active participation in organizations There is also practical work currently going on in the area of feminist psychology. introducing the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology). It is in their own mother tongue that a person can truly express their innermost sentiments, ideas, perceptions, and attitudes. always an opportunity to return a favor. Most of these texts are available in the vernacular, but even in German and English. (Indigenous Filipino Values, n.d.). As stated earlier Sikolohiyang Filipino has become a breakthrough to world psychology. sikolohiyang filipino introduction sikolohiyang pilipino (filipino psychology) refers to the psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientation of DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Courses You don't have any courses yet. held at the Abelardo Auditorium at U. freer to be themselves when in a sympathetic group of friends than in a one on one It is in the cultural aspect where we witness a disparity. invariably sufers from the comparison in not too subtle attempts to put forward language in psychology consistently and continuously, inspiring others to follow. This has made the sharpening of pakikiramdam (shared inner perception) a particularly desirable skill in many situations involving Filipino social interaction. trying to understand the Filipino personality. diwa), and the soul (kaluluwa) which is the way to learning about peoples Filipino values have been derived from racial strains and cultural elements such as Aeta, Indonesians, Malayan, Hindu and Chinese which formed the core of our moral conscience, cultural identity coupled with the cultural elements derived from Spain, the United States and from the modern global community, (Panopio and Rolda, 2000).These values . Associated with the above are societal values such as karangalan (dignity), The benefits are many more relaxed atmosphere, more confidence on the part of students to express themselves (without fear of making grammatical mistakes and then being ridiculed), discovery of indigenous concepts, opportunities for creative discussions, and a realization that psychology must relate intimately and significantly to the life of the people. The beginnings of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology). The indirect pattern of communication of Filipinos has thus resulted in indirectness or euphemisms in verbal exchange, expressive body language, voice intonations that say more than the words themselves, and other similar behaviors. in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional On the mentalism-behaviorism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino admits both but with As implied by the term itself, pakapa-kapa is an approach characterized by groping, searching and probing into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural data to obtain order, meaning and directions for research (Torres, 1982, p. 171). Thus, she advocates a critical perspective of culture and psychology that In the area of Filipino Personality, Enriquez, together with PPRH, developed the Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) (Measure of Character and Personality) in 1975 which utilized dimensions of personality that are relevant to Filipinos. The Philippine Much, but not all, of this progress is the result of efforts associated with the indigenous Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) movement, which emphasizes (a) the development of a Filipino psychology that reflects the unique experiences and orientations of Filipinos, (b) Filipino identity and national consciousness, (c) explicit socio . should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. The articles to be read by the students were scattered in different places. Virgilio Enriquez: Pioneer of Sikolohiyang Pilipino Evidently, it is the external aspect which foreign Dangal is honor from within. The first two dissertations, defended in May 1990, were by Danilo Tuazon (on brain lateralization) and Grace Aguiling-Dalisay (on the concept of peace among children). Another aspect of Filipino personality that was given attention by the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective is the propensity for indirect communication.
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